This section focuses on the annotation of constituents at the clausal level. The internal syntax of constituents and the various types of subordinate clauses are discussed separately.
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Thenne))
(BED was)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N kyng))
(ADJP-PRD (ADVR wonderly) (ADJ wroth))
(PUNC ;))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.30))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Than))
(PP (P at)
(NP (D the) (ADJ laste)))
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Terquyne))
(VBD wexed)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ faynte)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,192.2817))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
(VBD semed)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJR yonger)
(PP (P $than)
(NP (D that) (OTHER othir)))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,666.4813))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(BED was)
(ADJP-PRD (ADVR so) (ADJ fre)
(CP-DEG (C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NS men))
(VBD resceyued)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV +tere))
(NP-OB1 (Q all) (N manere)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NS fugityfes)
(PP (P of)
(NP (OTHER o+ter) (NS places)))
(PP (P for)
(NP (PRO$ here) (ADJ euyl) (NS dedes)))))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMANDEV-M3,43.1072))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The) (NS defenders))
(VBD made)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (D the) (NS gates))
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ fast))))
(PUNC .))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD saw)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (D thes) (NUM two) (NS bodyes))
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ dede))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,53.1761))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(PP (P in)
(NP (D the) (N monestery)))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD founde)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (D a) (N preste))
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ redy)))
(PP (P at)
(NP (D the) (N awter)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,660.4590))
The dash tag
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV anone))
(ADJP-SPR (ADJ lyke)
(NP (D a)
(ADJ lusty) (N knyghte)))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD assentid)
(PP (ADV+P therto))
(PP (P with)
(NP (ADJ good) (N wille)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,5.112))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(PP (ADV+P theryn))
(VBD stack)
(NP-SBJ (D a) (ADJ fayre) (N swerd))
(ADJP-SPR (ADJ naked))
(PP (P by)
(NP (D the) (N poynt)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,7.190))
( (IP-MAT (PP (P Be)
(ADVP (ADV than)))
(VBD com)
(PP (P into)
(NP (D the) (N felde)))
(NP-SBJ (NPR kynge) (NPR Ban))
(ADJP-SPR (ADVR as) (ADJ ferse)
(PP (P as)
(NP (D a) (N lyon))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,25.780))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N knyght))
(VBD sanke)
(PP (RP downe)
(P to)
(NP (D the) (N erthe)))
(ADJP-SPR (ADJ dede))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,26.817))
For phrases of the type TWO MILES FROM LONDON, see Silent head of ADJP and more generally, Measure phrase of distance.
When used in a locative sense, the adjectives on the following list project ADJP-LOC, regardless of whether they are predicates or not.
CLOSE, FAR, NEAR, NIGH
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO They))
(BEP were)
(ADJP-LOC (ADV quite) (ADJ close)
(PP (P to)
(NP (D the) (N city))))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ But)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(BEP were)
(ADJP-LOC (ADV very) (ADJ far)
(PP (P from)
(NP (N home))))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(VBD com)
(ADJP-LOC (ADVR as) (ADJ nyghe)
(NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Bors))
(PP (P as)
(NP (D a) (N+N bowe-draught)))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,25.765))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 (EX there))
(VBD com)
(NP-1 (Q none))
(ADJP-LOC (ADJ nyghe)
(NP (PRO hym))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,26.810))
( (IP-MAT (ADJP-CAR (ADJ Needless) (IP-INF (TO to) (VB say))) (NP-SBJ (PRO they)) (MD could) (NEG not) (HV have) (BEN been) (ADJP-PRD (QR more) (ADJ pleased)) (PUNC .))) ( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO They)) (VBD paid) (NP-OB1 (D the) (N bill)) (PUNC ,) (ADJP-CAR (ADJ contrary) (PP (P to) (NP (PRO$ my) (N expectation)))) (PUNC .)))
ADVPs must be headed by adverbs or (exceptionally) by adverbial
particles (RP). Adverbial NPs are
labeled NP-ADV.
At the clausal level, all NPs are either labeled with a dash tag
indicating their function, or they bear an index linking them to an
associate or trace with such a function tag.
Only IT and THERE and their empty counterparts are treated as expletive.
Determiners with a clausal associate are treated as thematic, and the
clause is treated as an
extraposed appositive.
It is not always easy to distinguish expletive THERE from locative
THERE. In doubtful cases, the default is expletive (EX).
Expletive THERE is marked as the (grammatical) subject and coindexed
with the logical subject, which is annotated as
a bare NP.
In impersonal constructions, any complement clauses are co-indexed
with the expletive subject, as for the extraposed subject clauses just
discussed.
All other potential cases are treated as having inverted subjects.
The following guidelines for deciding which object to label as first
and second are intended to be unambiguous and to facilitate automatic
retrieval. Admittedly, they do not always yield the linguistically
correct analysis, but this result seems unavoidable given the variation
and changes in case marking over the course of the history of English.
Directional ADVP (ADVP-DIR)
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB go)
(ADVP-DIR (ADV here / there))))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(ADVP (ADV so))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD bare)
(NP-OB1 (PRO it))
(ADVP-DIR (ADV forth))
(PP (P unto)
(NP (NPR syre) (NPR Ector))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,6.149))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
(ADVP (ADV so))
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBD cam)
(ADVP-DIR (ADV hyder))
(ADVP (ADV egerly)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,9.242))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (P on)
(NP (NUM twelfth) (N day)))
(NP-SBJ (Q alle) (D the) (NS barons))
(VBD cam)
(ADVP-DIR (ADV thyder)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,10.279))
Locative ADVP (ADVP-LOC)
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB stay)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV here / there))))
( (ADVP-LOC (ADV here) (PUNC ,) (ADV there) (PUNC ,) (CONJ and) (ADV everywhere)))
( (IP-MAT (PUNC ')
(CP-QUE-MAT-SPE (WADVP-1 (WADV Where))
(IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
(BEP is)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))))
(PUNC ?)
(PUNC ')
(VBD said)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N kyng))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,3.65))
Temporal ADVP (ADVP-TMP)
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV thenne))
(NP-SBJ (PRO she))
(VBD told)
(NP-OB2 (D the) (N duke)
(NP-PRN (PRO$ her) (N husband))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.18))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADVR Also) (ADV soone)
(PP (P as)
(CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (NPR kyng) (NPR Uther))
(VBD knewe)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ theire)
(IP-PPL (VAG departyng)
(ADVP (ADVR soo) (ADV sodenly)))))))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED was)
(ADJP-PRD (ADV wonderly) (ADJ wrothe))
(PUNC ;))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.21))
( (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP (ADV ever))
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge))
(VBD cam)
(PP (P at)
(NP (D the) (N castel)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Tyntigail))))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,4.90))
Other ADVP (ADVP)
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED were)
(ADVP (ADV myghtyly))
(VAN withstonde))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,45.1472))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(ADVP (ADV so))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD wente)
(ADVP (ADV pryvaly))
(PP (P into)
(NP (D the) (N courte))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,46.1517))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD com)
(ADVP (ADV togidirs))
(NP-MSR (QP (ADVR as) (Q muche))
(PP (P as)
(CP-CMP (WNP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO$ their) (NS horsis))
(MD $myght)
(VB dryve)))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,51.1692))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (P whan)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD com)
(PP (P to)
(NP (D the) (N see))))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD sente)
(NP-DIR (N home))
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N+NS footemen))
(ADVP (ADV agayne))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,18.563))
Noun phrase (NP)
Subject (NP-SBJ)
All clauses contain an overt subject except imperatives with implicit
subjects (the "you understood" of traditional grammar) and infinitival
or participial IPs with PRO subjects. Apart from these two cases, when
a clause has no overt subject,
an empty subject is added.
This includes the infinitival complements of ECM verbs;
see ECM versus object
control.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The) (N kynge))
(VBD (VBD lyked) (CONJ and) (VBD loved))
(NP-OB1 (D this) (N lady))
(ADVP (ADV wel))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.13))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (Q many) (NS knyghtes))
(HVD had)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N despite))
(PP (P at)
(NP (PRO hym)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,47.1541))
( (IP-MAT (PUNC ')
(IP-IMP-SPE (ADVP-TMP (ADV Now))
(VBI make) ← implicit subject
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO you))
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ redy))))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(VBD said)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Merlyn))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,4.77))
( (IP-IMP-SPE (PP (ADV+P therefore))
(VBI take)
(NP-SBJ (PRO thou)) ← overt subject
(NP-OB1 (D thys) (N hede)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,49.1623))
Expletive subject
Overt expletive subject
Expletive IT
Expletive IT is often coindexed with an NP or clause, but it also occurs
without an associate, as with weather predicates, and is then not
specially distinguished from non-expletive IT.
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
(MD myghte)
(VB please)
(NP-OB2 (D the) (N kynge))
(IP-INF-1 (TO to)
(VB make)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO her))
(NP-PRD (PRO$ his) (N quene)))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,4.108))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO it))
(BEP is)
(NP-PRD (NPR$ Goddes) (N wille))
(CP-THT-1 (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(MD shalle)
(BE be)
(NP-PRD (PRO$ our) (N kynge)))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,11.301))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
(NEG ne)
(BEP is)
(NP-1 (Q non) (N drede))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMAYENBI-M2,63.1169))
Expletive THERE
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 (EX there))
(BED was)
(NP-1 (D a) (ADJ myghty) (N duke)
(CP-REL *ICH*-2))
(PP (P in)
(NP (NPR Cornewaill)))
(CP-REL-2 (WNP-3 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
(VBD helde)
(NP-OB1 (N warre))
(PP (P ageynst)
(NP (PRO hym)))
(NP-MSR (ADJ long) (N tyme)))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.7))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(PP (P at)
(NP (NP-POS (NPR Saynt) (NPR$ Albons))))
(NP-SBJ-1 (EX ther))
(VBD mette)
(PP (P with)
(NP (D the) (N kynge)))
(NP-1 (D a) (ADJ grete) (N hoost)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (N North))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,6.163))
Empty expletive subject
Empty counterpart to expletive IT
An empty counterpart to expletive IT is added in connection with
extraposed subject clauses and in impersonal constructions. With
extraposed subject clauses, the expletive is coindexed with the clause.
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Euer))
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(MD sal)
(BE be)
(PP (P in)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N +toht)))
(CP-THT-1 (C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ his) (NS munkis))
(BEP be)
(ADVP (ADV wel))
(VAN lered))))
(ID CMBENRUL-M3,5.133))
( (IP-MAT (PP (P for)
(NP (D +ti)))
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(BEP es)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ gude))
(CP-THT-1 (C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(DOP doe)
(ADVP-DIR (ADV o-way))
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ yure) (ADJ wicke) (NS dedis)
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(NX (NS +tohtes))))))
(PUNC ;))
(ID CMBENRUL-M3,12.416))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO me))
(VBP repentys)
(ADVP (ADV sore))
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ youre) (ADJ grete) (N damage)))
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,26.822))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hem))
(VBD thought)
(CP-THT-1 (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (N palyse))
(MD sholde)
(ADVP (Q all))
(VB to-dryve))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,634.3742))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
(VBD semed)
(IP-INF-1 (TO to)
(BE be)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (N ayge)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NUM three_hondred) (NS wynter))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,660.4607))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO Me))
(VBP merueylyth)
(NP-MSR (Q mech))
(PP (P of)
(NP (D +tis) (N woman)))
(CP-QUE-SUB-1 (WADVP-2 (WADV why))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-2)
(NP-SBJ (PRO sche))
(VBP (VBP wepith) (CONJ &) (VBP cryith))
(ADVP (ADV so)))))
(ID CMKEMPE-M4,143.3317))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
(VBD thought)
(CP-THT-1 (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-2 (EX there))
(BED was)
(VBN com)
(PP (P into)
(NP (PRO$ hys) (N londe)))
(NP-2 (NS gryffens) (CONJ and) (NS serpentes))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,33.1026))
Empty counterpart to expletive THERE
An empty counterpart to expletive THERE is added when the logical
subject is indefinite, and at least one of the following two conditions
is met:
( (IP-MAT-SPE (ADVP-LOC (ADV Yondir))
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(BEP is)
(NP-1 (D a)
(ADJ shrewde) (N geste)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,188.2691))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(PP (P overthwarte)
(NP (D the) (N horse)))
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(VBD lay)
(NP-1 (D an) (ADJ armed) (N knyght)
(RRC (VAN bounden)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,190.2758))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (P at)
(NP (D the) (N ende)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (N brydge)))))
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(BED was)
(NP-1 (D a) (ADJ fayre) (N vyllage))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,195.2926))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(PP (P vpon)
(NP (D the) (N body)))
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(VBD lay)
(NP-1 (D a) (ADJ fyn) (N plate)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N gold)))))
(ID CMMANDEV-M3,11.215))
( (IP-MAT (PP (P In)
(NP (D +tat) (N desert)))
(NP-SBJ-2 *exp*)
(VBP duellen)
(NP-2 (Q manye)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPRS Arrabyenes)))
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN men))
(VBP clepen)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(NP-PRD (NPRS Bedoynes) (CONJ &) (NPRS Ascopardes))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMANDEV-M3,42.1039))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (P in)
(NP (D +tat) (N place)))
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(VBP cometh)
(NP-1 (Q+N noman)
(PP (P saf)
(NP (FP only) (PRO$ here) (N prelate)
(CP-REL (WNP-3 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
(VBP maketh)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ here) (N sacrifise))))))))
(ID CMMANDEV-M3,55.1372))
Impersonal NEED, SHAME, and WOE
In impersonal constructions, NEED, SHAME, and WOE are treated as
subjects. They can be the associate of an expletive subject (overt or
empty). The argument expressing the need or the cause of shame or woe,
if present, is treated as a complement of the (logical) subject. When
the complement is an NP, it is labeled NP-COM. The experiencer
argument, if present, is labeled NP-OB2.
See NP-OB2 with
copular verb.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
(BEP is)
(NP-1 (N nied)) ← NEED
(PUNC !))
(ID CMVICES1-M1,31.360))
( (IP-MAT (PP (P In)
(NP (ADJ caald) (N cuntre)))
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(BEP es)
(NP-1 (N nede)
(PP (P of)
(NP (ADJR warmer) (NS hend))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMBENRUL-M3,36.1170))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(PP (P for)
(NP (D +ti)))
(NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
(BEP is)
(NP-1 (N neod)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(HV $habben)
(NP-OB1 (ADJS best) (N warde))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.86.1048))
( (IP-MAT (NP-3 (D +Da) (NS +dohtes)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +de)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(VBP cume+d)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR gode))))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-OB2 (PRO +de))
(NP-SBJ-2 *exp*)
(BEP is)
(NP-2 (Q michel) (N nied)
(CP-THT (C +dat)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *ICH*-3)
(NP-SBJ (PRO tu))
(ADVP (ADV wel))
(VBP understande))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMVICES1-M1,87.1005))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ &)
(NP-SBJ (N schome) ← SHAME
(IP-INF *ICH*-1))
(NP-OB2 (PRO ow))
(BEP is)
(IP-INF-1 (TO to)
(VB schuderin)
(NP-MSR (ADJR lengre))
(PP (P under)
(NP (N schelde)))))
(ID CMKATHE-M1,31.200))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N Wa)) ← WOE without complement
(BEP is)
(NP-OB2 (PRO him)
(CP-REL *ICH*-2))
(PP (P+D for-+ti))
(PP-PRN (P as)
(CP-ADV (WNP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (NPR seint) (NPR Austin))
(VBP sei+d))))
(PUNC .)
(CP-REL-2 (WNP-3 0)
(C +tt)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
(BEP is)
(PP (P wi+d)
(NP (QP (ADVR to) (Q muche))
(N luue)))
(PP (P to)
(NP (Q ei) (ADJ eor+dlich) (N +ting)))
(VAN iteiet)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMHALI-M1,148.290))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (N Wa) ← WOE with clausal complement
(CP-THT *ICH*-2))
(BEP is)
(NP-OB2 (PRO$ mine) (N saule))
(PUNC ;)
(CP-THT-2 (C +tet)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ mi) (N lif))
(NP-MSR (ADJP (ADV +tus) (ADJ longe)))
(VBP ilest)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMLAMB1-M1,157.492))
First object (NP-OB1) and second object (NP-OB2)
Because of the difficulties inherent in trying to label objects
consistently by morphological case, we label complement NPs simply as
first and second object. Broadly speaking, the first object includes
direct objects, while the second object includes indirect objects and
other oblique uses.
Single NP object = NP-OB1
NP-OB1 with ordinary monotransitive
The single object of a monotransitive verb is generally labeled
NP-OB1.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D Thys) (N damesell))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV than))
(VBD behelde)
(NP-OB1 (D thys) (ADJ poure) (N knyght)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,46.1526))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Than))
(NP-SBJ (NPR Arthure))
(VBD toke)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerde))
(PP (P by)
(NP (D the) (N sheethe)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NX (N gurdil))))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,46.1496))
Single NP object = NP-OB2
NP-OB2 with impersonal verb
With impersonal verbs, an NP complement is always labeled
NP-OB2. In the absence of an overt subject, an
empty expletive subject is
added. Accompanying clauses are coindexed
with expletive IT or
its empty counterpart.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO me))
(VBP repentys)
(ADVP (ADV sore))
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ youre) (ADJ grete) (N damage)))
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,26.822))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PUNC ')
(NP-VOC (N Sir))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Balyne)))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO me))
(VBP forthynkith)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ youre) (N displeasure)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,49.1609))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(VBP plese)
(NP-OB2 (PRO the)))
(ID CMAELR4-M4,15.437))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO the))
(VBP list))
(ID CMASTRO-M3,669.C2.219))
NP-OB2 with copular verb
When the second NP in a copular construction is neither coreferential
with the subject nor predicated of it, it is labeled NP-OB2.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N Woe))
(BEP is)
(NP-OB2 (PRO me))
(PUNC !)))
( (IP-MAT (NP-OB2 (PRO ham))
(NEG n@)
(BEP @is)
(NP-SBJ (Q+N nawicht)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N scheame)))))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.160.2202))
( (NP (Q alle) (ADJ hali) (NS hale+gen)
(CP-REL (WNP-7 0)
(C +te)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-7)
(BED weren)
(NP-OB2 (PRO him))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV ear@))
(PP (PP (P @for)
(NP (NS bre+dren)))
(CONJP (PP (P for)
(NP (NS freont))))
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(PP (P for)
(NP (NS sustren))))))))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.229.3320))
( (PP (P gyf)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
(NP-SBJ (N gewill))
(BED w+are))))
(ID CMKENTHO-M1,137.95))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(VBP loki)
(NP-SBJ (PRO we))
(CP-QUE-SUB (WNP-1 (WD hwuch) (N wunne))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(PP (ADV+P +trof))
(NP-OB2 (PRO hire))
(VBP iwur+de))) ← BE / BECOME / HAPPEN
(PUNC .))
(ID CMHALI-M1,153.365))
NP-OB2 with motion verb or other intransitive
In the PPCME2, certain motion verbs and other intransitives (notably,
ones that allow the verb BE as the perfect auxiliary) take NP-OB2
complements. The lexical items in question have died out, and their
replacements in the later corpora take NP-OB1 complements.
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N brea+d)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ hare) (ADJ stinkinde) (N +trote))))
(PUNC .)
(NEG ne)
(VBP nach+gi) ← APPROACH
(NP-OB2 (PRO ou))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV neauer)))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.68.753))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(NP-OB2 (Q ba) (PRO ham))
(VBP tide+d) ← BEFALL
(NP-SBJ (ONE+N andom))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.141.1903))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO$ min) (N heorte))
(BEP is)
(VBN edflo+ge) ← ESCAPE
(NP-OB2 (PRO me)))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.39.343))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +ge))
(BEP beo+d)
(VBN iflo+gen) ← FLEE
(NP-OB2 (D +te) (N world)))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.130.1717))
NP-OB2 with cognate object verb
Verbs like DELIGHT, HELP, PAIN, PRAY, THANK, etc. are treated as taking
an abstract direct object that incorporates into the verb. The surface
object is therefore annotated as NP-OB2. With THANK, if the
thing for which thanks is given is expressed overtly, it is labeled
NP-ADT.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ for)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBP deliteth)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
(PP (PP (P in)
(NP (D the) (N kepynge)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N tresor)))))
(PUNC ,)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(PP (NEG nat)
(P in)
(NP (D the) (N rescowynge)
(CONJP (CONJ ne)
(NX (N releevynge)))
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ+N evene-Cristen)))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMCTPARS-M3,316.C1.1187))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tou))
(NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
(VBP paynest)
(IP-INF (NP-1 (PRO him))
(FOR uor)
(TO to)
(BE by)
(PP (P ylych)
(NP *-1))))
(ID CMAYENBI-M2,101.1970))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP prey)
(NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMAELR3-M23,40.408))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR god))
(NEG ne)
(MD cunne)
(NP-OB2 (PRO him))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV neauer))
(VB +tonc)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N sonde))))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.102.1244))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ha))
(VBD +tonkede)
(NP-OB2 (N Mon))
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ+NS goddede))))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.166.2307))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +teo)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tt)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(NP-OB1 (D +tis) (N warninge))
(PP (P ed@)
(NP (PRO$ @hire) (N suster)))
(VBP underfe+d))))
(VBP +tonke)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hire))
(ADVP (ADV +georne))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.188.2670))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP thank)
(NP-OB2 (PRO +gow)
(QP (Q alle)))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-VOC (NS serys))
(PUNC ,)
(ADVP (ADV heyly))
(NP-ADT (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO what))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-MSR (N fore-noon) (CONJ &) (N aftyr-noon))
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(HVP haue)
(HVN had)
(ADVP (ADV resonably))
(NP-TMP (D +tis) (N day)))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMKEMPE-M4,28.627))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
(NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
(ADVP (ADV swa))
(DOD dude))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.98.1184))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP (ADV Swa))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(DOD dede)
(NP-OB2 (NPR seinte) (NPR Petre)
(PUNC ,)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +de)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hine))
(HVD hadde)
(VBN forsaken))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMVICES1-M1,111.1358))
|
| In the PPCME2, the experiencer is often mistagged as NP-OB1. |
( (PP (P if)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
(NP-OB2 (PRO +gow))
(VBP nede+t))))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,51.1503))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D this) (ADJ wise) (N man))
(VBD saugh)
(CP-THT (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
(VBD wanted)
(NP-SBJ (N audience)))))
(ID CMCTMELI-M3,219.C2.95))
In the modern construction, the experiencer is labeled
NP-SBJ, and the theme NP-OB1, as with
ordinary monotransitives.
Class II ditransitives also include monotransitives accompanied by
an "affected" NP (benefactives, etc.), usually corresponding to a Modern
English prepositional phrase headed by FOR.
NP-OB1 + NP-OB2
Ditransitive verbs are defined as verbs that can appear with two NP
objects. They are divided into two classes:
Class I ditransitive
Class I ditransitives include verbs that originally generally took the
accusative of person and genitive of thing. In Modern English, the
second object is usually a PP headed by FROM or OF. Common meanings are
DELIVER, DEPRIVE, REMIND, SAVE. Some of these Class I verbs are:
alesen, benimen, bereueden, forgremen, munen, mune+gen
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD alesede)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hem))
(NP-OB2 (ADJ eche) (N dea+de)))
(ID CMTRINIT-MX1,5.44))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
(PP (P mid)
(NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ o+gene) (N dea+de)))
(NP-OB1 (Q al) (N+N mankin))
(VBD alesde)
(PP (P of) ← ALESAN with NP and OF phrase
(NP (ADJ eche) (N dea+de))))
(ID CMTRINIT-MX1,189.2608))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(ADVP (ADV eft))
(PP (P +durh)
(NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ muchele) (N mildce)))
(NP-OB2 (PRO hes))
(NP-OB1 (PRO him))
(VBP benime))
(ID CMVICES1-M1,15.157))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN man))
(MD scolde)
(VB beniman)
(NP-OB1 (Q ealla) (D +ta) (NS minetere)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +te)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BED w+aron)
(PP (P on)
(NP (NPR Englelande))))))
(NP-OB2 (PRO$ heora) (NS liman)))
(ID CMPETERB-M1,46.148))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +Te) (N louerd)
(NP-PRN (NPR seint) (NPR lucas)))
(NP-OB1 (PRO giu))
(VBP mune+d)
(PP (P on)
(NP (PRO$ his) (NPR godspel)))
(NP-OB2 (NP (D +te) (ADJ wunderlich) (N hider_kume))
(PUNC .)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (D +te) (ADJ erue+dliche) (N herbiwist)))
(PUNC .)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (D +te) (ADJ wunderliche) (N he+den_si+d)))
(PUNC .)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ ure) (N louerd)
(NP-PRN (NPR seint) (NPR iohan)
(NP-PRN (NPR baptiste))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMTRINIT-MX1,125.1687))
Class II ditransitive
Class II ditransitives includes all ditransitives not included in the
first class. These verbs originally usually took accusative and dative
or two accusatives. An incomplete but representative list includes the
following:
ask, assign,
behaten, beseech, bid,
command, counsel, cu+den,
declare,
earn, ensure,
forbid, frainen,
give, grant,
haten,
kennen,
learn (= teach), let (someone blood), leuen,
muster,
ordain,
promise, prove,
reden,
say, show,
teach, tell, tholien,
(um)bethink, unnen,
wissen,
yield,
+garken, +getten
( (IP-IMP-SPE (ADVP-TMP (ADV Now))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-VOC (ADJP (ADJ jantyll) (CONJ and) (ADJ curtayse))
(N knyght))
(PUNC ,)
(VBI geff)
(NP-OB2 (PRO me))
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerde))
(ADVP (ADV agayne))
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,47.1544))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(HVP have)
(VBN shewed)
(NP-OB2 (PRO you))
(NP-OB1 (N unkyndnesse)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,48.1562))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB for+gyue)
(NP-OB2 (D a) (ADJ synful) (N man))
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (NS synnes)))
(ID CMAELR3-M23,43.513))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD graunted)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
(NP-OB1 (NPR Constantyn)
(NP-PRN (PRO$ his) (N bro+ter)))
(PUNC ,)
(IP-INF-PRP (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
(FOR for-@)
(TO @to)
(VB helpe)
(PUNC ,)
(PP (P with)
(NP (N Poer)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N folk))))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,46.1381))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PUNC ')
(NP-SBJ (D Thys) (N swerde)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(BEP am)
(VAN gurte)
(PP (P withall)
(NP *T*-1)))))
(DOP doth)
(NP-OB2 (PRO me))
(NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N sorow)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NX (N comberaunce))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,45.1484))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV there))
(VBD asked)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
(NP-OB1 (D a) (N gyffte)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD promysed)
(NP-OB2 (PRO her))
(PP (P whan)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
(VBD gaff)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerde))))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,48.1580))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD made)
(NP-OB2 (PRO them))
(NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N chere))
(PP (RP out)
(P of)
(NP (N mesure))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.14))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PUNC ')
(CONJ And)
(ADVP (ADV so))
(NP-SBJ (D thys) (NPR lady) (NPR Lyle)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Avylion))))
(VBD toke)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hir))
(NP-OB1 (D this) (N swerde)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO she))
(VBD brought)
(PP (P with)
(NP (PRO hir))))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,50.1657))
NP-OB1 or NP-OB2 + clause
NP-OB1 + clause with monotransitive
With monotransitives (that is, verbs that do not occur with two NP
objects), an NP object that co-occurs with a clause is labeled
NP-OB1. See ECM
versus object control for further discussion.
( (IP-IMP-SPE (CONJ and)
(VBI suffir)
(NP-OB1 (PRO me))
(IP-INF (TO to)
(DO do)
(NP-OB2 (PRO you))
(NP-OB1 (NS thankynges)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,662.4657))
( (IP-SUB (PP (PP (P in)
(NP (D this) (N necessitee)))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(PP (P in)
(NP (D this) (N nede)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(VBP caste)
(NP-OB1 (PRO yow))
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB overcome)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ youre) (N herte))))
(ID CMCTMELI-M3,239.C1.847))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV thanne))
(NP-SBJ (ADJ hooly) (NPR chirche))
(PP (P by)
(NP (N juggement)))
(VBP destreyneth)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
(IP-INF (FOR for)
(TO to)
(DO do)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ open) (N penaunce)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMCTPARS-M3,289.C1.40))
KNOW, SEE, and similar verbs generally take a single noun phrase or
clausal complement. In the Bible, such verbs occasionally take two
complements, as in the following examples, presumably by analogy to
the construction in the Hebrew or Greek original.
The noun member of a complex predicate is labeled NP-OB1. The
accompanying clause is treated as a clause-level constituent, rather
than as a complement of the noun.
Analogous cases with postnominal PPs (for instance, TAKE ADVANTAGE /
CARE / NOTICE OF) are treated the same way.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ But)
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP know)
(NP-OB1 (PRO you))
(PUNC ,)
(CP-THT-SPE (C that)
(IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(HVP haue)
(NEG not)
(NP-OB1 (D the)
(N loue)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR God))))
(PP (P in)
(NP (PRO you)))))
(PUNC .))
(ID AUTHNEW-1611-E2-H,5,40J.626))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (ADVP (ADV Howbeit))
(NP-SBJ (PRO wee))
(VBP know)
(NP-OB1 (D this) (N man))
(CP-QUE-SUB-SPE (WADVP-1 (WADV whence))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB-SPE (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BEP is)))
(PUNC :))
(ID AUTHNEW-1611-E2-H,7,20J.909))
( (PP (P when)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(VBD saw)
(NP-OB1 (NPR Mary))
(CP-THT (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
(VBD rose)
(RP vp)
(ADVP (ADV hastily)))))))
(ID AUTHNEW-1611-E2-H,11,20J.1539))
NP-OB1 + clause (or PP) with complex predicate
Complex predicates include all cases of HAVE + NP with a verbal
equivalent (HAVE FEAR = FEAR, HAVE KNOWLEDGE = KNOW, HAVE MARVEL =
MARVEL, etc.). Some other common complex predicates are:
bear witness,
bow (one's) heart,
do (no) force / pain,
give example / (one's) heart / heed / (one's) intent / leave / notice / occasion / order,
have care / (great) comfort / head / (no) joy / leave / mind / need / occasion / stomach / (good) will / s.o. to witness,
kindle (one's) heart,
lay (one's) force,
make countenance / effort / fiaunce / (no) mention / note / (no) semblant / shift ,
nim (see take),
send word,
set case / (one's) desire / heart / thought,
stir (one's) heart,
take care / counsel / (one's) heart / heed / keep / leave / note / notice / occasion / order / pains / tent / yeme
turn (one's) heart
( (IP-MAT (CONJ uor)
(NP-SBJ (PRO hi))
(HVP habbe+t)
(NP-OB1 (N drede))
(CP-THT (C +tet)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR god))
(PUNC /)
(NP-OB1 (PRO ham))
(MD wyle)
(VB fayly)))
(PUNC /))
(ID CMAYENBI-M2,32.520))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(PP (P after)
(NP (N mete)))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD toke)
(NP-OB1 (N conseil))
(PP (P of)
(NP (NS kyngus) (PUNC ,) (NS Erles) (CONJ and) (NS Barons)))
(PUNC ,)
(CP-QUE-SUB (WNP-1 (WD what) (N ansuere))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (MAN me))
(MD my+gt)
(VB +geue)
(PP (P to)
(NP (D +te) (NS messagers)))))
(PUNC ;))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,82.2487))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(PP (P with)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N hand)))
(VBD made)
(NP-OB1 (N contenaunce))
(CP-THT (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN men))
(MD sholde)
(VB holden)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO hem))
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ stille))))))
(ID CMCTMELI-M3,219.C1.85))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(HVD had)
(NP-OB1 (N mervayle))
(CP-QUE-SUB (WADVP-1 (WADV whye))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED was)
(ADJP-PRD (ADVR so) (ADJ abaysshed))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,655.4446))
( (IP-PPL (VAG taking)
(NP-OB1 (N care))
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (NS children)))))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB take)
(NP-OB1 (Q no) (N notice))
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (N insult)))))
NP-OB1 or NP-OB2 + clause with ditransitive
When a ditransitive takes an animate NP object and a clause, rather than
two NPs, the label of the animate NP remains the same as in the case
with two NPs, preserving the parallelism between the two constructions.
( (IP-MAT (NEG ne)
(MD mihten)
(NP-SBJ (PRO hie))
(NP-OB1 (PRO him))
(VB benemen) ← Class I ditransitive
(IP-INF (NP-OB1 (ONE anne) (N +touht))
(TO to)
(VB +tenken)
(PP (P buten)
(PP (P alswa)
(CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD walde))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMVICES1-M1,143.1774))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(VBP munege+d)
(NP-OB1 (PRO us)) ← Class I ditransitive
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB wakien)))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.115.1451))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD munegede)
(NP-OB1 (Q alle) ← Class I ditransitive
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tet)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BED weren))))
(IP-INF (TO to)
(ADVP (ADV stronge))
(VB fechte))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMLAMB1-M1,151.395))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
(NP-SBJ (D a) (N man))
(VBD tolde) ← Class II ditransitive
(NP-OB2 (PRO me))
(PP (P in)
(NP (D the) (N Castell)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Four) (NPR Stonys)))))
(CP-THT (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(BED were)
(VAN delyverde)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,52.1725))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD preyde) ← Class II ditransitive
(NP-OB2 (PRO hir))
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB prey)
(PP (P for)
(NP (D a) (N woman)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO whech))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(VBD lay)
(PP (P in)
(NP (N poynt)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N deth))))))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMKEMPE-M4,53.1202))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV anone))
(VBD asked)
(NP-OB2 (PRO them)) ← Class II ditransitive
(CP-QUE-SUB (WPP-1 (P frome)
(WADVP (WADV whens)))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (PP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(VBD com)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,16.477))
( (IP-IMP-SPE (CONJ and)
(VBI telle)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hem)) ← Class II ditransitive
(CP-QUE-SUB (WADVP-1 (WADV how))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(HVP have)
(VBN spedde)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,49.1625))
Thematically necessary missing object
It is possible for ditransitives to appear with only one object, which
is then labeled depending on its animacy in accordance with the
guidelines for
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Now))
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(MD will)
(VB telle)
(NP-OB1 (D a) (N story)) ← NP-OB1 only
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-IMP (NP-VOC (NPR Father))
(VBI forgive)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ their) (NS trespasses)) ← NP-OB1 only
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (PUNC ')
(IP-MAT-SPE (ADVP-TMP (ADV Now))
(MD shall)
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VB telle)
(NP-OB2 (PRO you)) ← NP-OB2 only)
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N damesell))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,45.1483))
( (IP-IMP-SPE (PUNC ')
(NP-VOC (NPR Fader))
(PUNC ,)
(VBI for+gif)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hem)) ← NP-OB2 only
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMAELR3-M23,48.704))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD +gef)
(NP-OB2 (PRO$ hire) (N lauerd)) ← NP-OB2 only
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.43.393))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N kyng))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV anone))
(VBD grantede)
(NP-OB2 (PRO him)) ← NP-OB2 only
(ADVP (ADV frely))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,52.1525))
Whichever object is promoted to subject in the passive of a Class II ditransitive, the remaining object is treated in a way that maximizes the parallel between active and passive.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED was)
(VAN given)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N letter))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D the) (N patient))
(BED was)
(VAN let)
(NP-OB1 (N blood))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D the) (N letter))
(BED was)
(VAN given)
(NP-OB2 (PRO him))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PUNC ')
(NP-VOC (N Sone))
(PUNC ')
(PUNC ,)
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBP sey+t)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Crist)))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(NP-SBJ (PRO$ +ty) (NS synnes))
(BEP be+t)
(VAN for+gyue)
(NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMAELR3-M23,43.505))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
(NP-SBJ (D +tat)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
(VBP askest))))
(BEP is)
(NEG not)
(VAN bynome)
(NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMAELR3-M23,50.782))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ (Q alle) (NS guodes))
(BEP bye+t)
(NP-OB2 (PRO ous))
(VAN yfayled)
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMAYENBI-M2,71.1344))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (NPR Dr.) (NPR Jarrar))
(BED was)
(NP-PRD (D the) (N surgeon))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The) (N man)
(PP (P on)
(NP (D the) (N corner))))
(BEP is)
(NP-PRD (NPR Dr.) (NPR Jarrar))
(PUNC .)))
( (NP (D a) (N sink)
(RRC (NP-PRD (D the) (N size)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D a) (N bathtub)))))))
( (IP-MAT (PP (P In)
(NP (NPR Philadelphia)))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (PRO We))
(VBP call)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO them))
(NP-PRD (NS hoagies)))
(PUNC .)))
See also Small clause.
The dash tag
admit, agree, anoint, appoint, bind, bring, choose, christen, claim, confirm, consecrate, crown, defend, define, devote, elect, interpret, keep, leave, love, name, nominate, offer, ordain, preserve, set, subscribe, suffer, surname, take, testify, translate, try, vow, witness
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D This) (N coat))
(MD will)
(VB keep)
(NP-OB1 (PRO you))
(ADJP-SPR (ADJ warm))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB elect)
(NP-OB1 (D a) (NPR Hapsburg))
(NP-SPR (N emperor))))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB stand / mount)
(NP-SPR (N guard))))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB ride)
(NP-SPR (N shotgun))))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
(NP-ADV (Q+N algates)) ← in every way
(NP-SBJ (N necessitee))
(VBP constreyneth)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB axe))
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMCTMELI-M3,233.C1.620))
( (IP-MAT (NP-ADV (Q+N algate))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(MD sholde)
(BE be)
(ADVP (ADV so))
(PP (P by)
(NP (N resoun)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMCTPARS-M3,321.C2.1441))
( (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO sho))
(NEG ne)
(MD may)
(NP-ADV (Q nan) (N gate)) ← in no way
(VB breke))
(ID CMBENRUL-M3,35.1139))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N Richtwisnesse))
(IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBP sai+d))
(MD mod)
(BE beon)
(NP-ADV (N nede)) ← necessarily
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ sturne))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.197.2817))
( (IP-MAT (NP-OB1 (D +Tis) (N charyte))
(MD most)
(NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
(NP-ADV (N nyede))
(HV haue)
(ID CMAELR3-M23,34.228))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ for)
(PP (P if)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR heuen) (CONJ and) (NPR erthe))
(BEP ben)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ sory)))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
(MD must)
(NP-ADV (N nedes))
(BE be)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ sory))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMAELR4-M4,21.630))
( (IP-SUB (NP-ADV (N nedes))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(MD moste)
(VB dye))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,92.2770))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ for)
(CODE <P_II.46>)
(NP-SBJ (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tt)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(DOD dude)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hire)))))
(BED wes)
(PP (P in@)
(NP (D +te@) (N frum+de)))
(ADVP (ADV sare))
(NP-ADV (PRO$ hire) (N vn+tonkes)) ← against her will
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.46.424))
( (IP-IMP (PP (P Gif)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
(VBP agultest)
(PP (P wi+d)
(NP (PRO$ +tine)
(ADJ+N efen-nexta)))
(NP-ADV (N un+donkes))))) ← unwillingly
(PUNC ;)
(VBI bet)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
(NP-ADV (PRO$ +tin) (N +tonkes)) ← willingly
(ADVP (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (WADV hu) (ADV se))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
(MD miht)
(VB *)
(PP (P wi+d)
(NP (PRO him)))))))
(ID CMLAMBX1-MX1,17.211))
( (IP-MAT (NP-ADV (PRO$ His) (ADJ ah+genes) (N +tonkes)) ← by his own will
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD +trowede)
(PP (P for)
(NP (PRO us))))
(ID CMLAMBX1-MX1,121.1195))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO heo))
(NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
(VBP $breke+d)
(NP-ADV (N willes))) ← willingly
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,I.46.55))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(NP-SBJ (PRO tu))
(NP-ADV (Q al) (N willes))
(ADVP (ADVR se) (ADV scheomeliche))
(VBP tukest)
(PUNC .))
(ID CMHALI-M1,154.386))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ &)
(NP-ADV (N willes) (CONJ &) (N waldes)) ← willingly
(NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
(VBD beach)
(PP (P to)
(NP (D +te) (N deouel)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.224.3249))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (ADJ Halie) (ADJ alde) (NS ancres))
(NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
(MD ma+ge)
(DO don)
(NP-ADV (Q summes) (N weis)) ← in some way
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.58.574))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
(NEG ne)
(MD ma+ge)
(NP-ADV (Q nanes) (N weis)) ← in no way
(ADVP (ADV allunge))
(VB wi+d_seggen))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.69.764))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(NEG ne)
(MD kan)
(VB seye)
(NP-OB1 (PRO it))
(NP-ADV (Q noon) (OTHER+N oother-wewyes)) ← in no other way
(PP (P in)
(NP (NPR englissh)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMCTPARS-M3,318.C2.1308))
( (NP-ADV (NP (Q each)) (PP (P in) (NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ own) (N way)))))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD made)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N joy))
(NP-ADV (NP (Q eche))
(PP (P of)
(NP (OTHER othir))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,16.480))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV there))
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(VBD sware)
(NP-ADV (NP (Q every) (N knyght))
(PP (P uppon)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N swerde))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,198.3026))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO heo))
(HVP habbe+d)
(Q alle)
(CODE <P_I.50>)
(ADVP (ADV togederes))
(NP-OB1 (NP (ONE an) (N luue))
(CONJP (CONJ ant)
(NP (ONE an) (N wil))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-ADV (NP (Q vhc) (ONE an))
(PP (P as)
(NP (OTHER o+der)))))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,I.50.96))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO thei))
(BEP ben)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ divers))
(NP-ADV (NP (D that) (ONE on))
(PP (P fro)
(NP (D that) (OTHER othir)))))
(ID CMBOETH-M3,434.C2.246))
( (NP-ADV (NP (N face)) (PP (P to) (NP (N face)))))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ Vor)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV +tanne))
(NP-SBJ (PRO we))
(NP-OB1 (PRO him))
(MD ssolle)
(VB yzy)
(NP-ADV (NP (N face))
(PP (P to)
(NP (N face))))
(ADVP (ADV clyerlyche))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMAYENBI-M2,88.1717))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
(NP-SBJ (PRO ha))
(VBP seo+d)
(NP-OB1 (PRO him))
(PP (P as)
(CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BEP is))))
(PUNC .)
(NP-ADV (NP (N nebbe))
(PP (P to)
(NP (N nebbe))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMSAWLES-M1,182.242))
( (NP-ADV (N hand) (CONJ and) (N foot)))
( (IP-INF (NP-SBJ *con*)
(VB binden)
(NP-OB1 (PRO me))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-ADV (CONJ ba+de) (NS handen) (CONJ and) (NS fiet)))
(ID CMVICES1-M1,17.203))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD bounde)
(NP-OB1 (PRO him))
(NP-ADV (NS Hondes) (CONJ and) (NS feete))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,39.1192))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
(ADJP-SPR (ADJ cwic))
(BEP beo)
(VAN forbearnd)
(NP-ADV (CONJ ba+de) (N lim) (CONJ &) (N li+d))
(PP (P i@)
(NP (ADJ @leitinde) (N leie))))
(ID CMJULIA-M1,99.63))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)
(ADVP (Q al))
(NP-OB2 (PRO ham))
(BEP is)
(VAN to-limet)
(NP-ADV (N li+d) (CONJ ba) (PUNC .) (CONJ &) (N lire)))
(ID CMHALI-M1,142.221))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(NP-OB1 (PRO us))
(VBP sende+d)
(PUNC .)
(PP (P into)
(NP (NPR helle)))
(NP-ADV (N saule) (PUNC .) (CONJ and) (N lichame))
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB wuniende)
(PP (P on)
(NP (ADJ eche) (N fur)))))
(ID CMTRINIT-MX1,61.845))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD smote)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
(RP downe)
(NP-ADV (N horse) (CONJ and) (N man))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,22.667))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (ADV+P there-with))
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N castell))
(VBD brake)
(NP-ADV (N roffe) (CONJ and) (NS wallis)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,64.2146))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (MAN Me))
(MD schal)
(VB siten)
(NP-ADV (PRO him) (FP ane)))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.123.1576))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJ eadi) (NPR iohan))
(PP (P in)
(NP (ADJ anli) (N stude)
(CP-REL (WADVP-1 0)
(C as)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED wes)))))
(NP-OB1 (Q alle) (D +teos) (NUM +treo) (NS Meden))
(VBD of_ernede)
(NP-ADV (PRO him) (FP ane))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.125.1615))
( (NP-ADV (NP-MSR (QP (D the) (QR more))
(CP-CMP (WNP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO you))
(VBP save))))
(ADJP (D the) (ADJR better))))
( (NP-ADV (NP-MSR (QP (D the) (QR more)))
(ADJP (D the) (ADJR merrier))))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV +ter))
(VBP waxe+d)
(NP-SBJ (D +te) (N wa))
(PUNC .)
(NP-ADV (NP-MSR (ADJP (ADVR+ADJR selengere)))
(ADVP (ADVR se) (ADVR wurse)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.77.908))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB (VB crie) (CONJ and) (VB wepen))
(NP-ADV (NP-MSR (ADJP (ADV evere) (ADJR lenger)))
(NP-MSR (QP (D the) (QR moore)))))
(ID CMCTMELI-M3,217.C1b.11))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBP forte+d)
(NP-OB1 (D +tat) (N child))
(PUNC ;)
(NP-ADV (NP-MSR (ADJP (ADVR swo) (ADJ leng)))
(NP-MSR (QP (ADVR swo) (QR more))))
(PP (P to)
(NP (PRO$ here) (N wille)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMTRINIT-MX1,87.1180))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD cam)
(NP-DIR (N home)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,8.215))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD rode)
(NP-DIR (PRO$ his) (N way))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,8.227))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (P thorow)
(NP (D the) (N wytte)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Merlion)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD ledde)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N oste))
(NP-DIR (N+WARD northwarde))
(NP-ADT (D the) (ADJS pryveyst) (N wey)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(MD coude)
(BE be)
(VAN thought))))
(PUNC ,)
(PP (P unto)
(NP (D the) (N foreste)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Bedgrayne)))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,18.568))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO They))
(VBP ought)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(BE be)
(NP-LOC (N home))
(PP (P by)
(ADVP (ADV now))))
(PUNC .)))
NPs that are ambiguous between objects and measure phrases are treated by default as objects. A simple test for doubtful cases is to passivize the sentence; if the relevant noun phrase can be the subject of a passive, it is an NP-OB1.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO We))
(VBD ate)
(NP-OB1 (QP (ADVR too) (Q much))
(N spinach))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO We))
(VBD ate)
(NP-OB1 (QP (ADVR too) (Q much)))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO We))
(VBD ate)
(NP-MSR (ADJP (ADVR too) (ADJ long)))
(PUNC .)))
Measure phrases occur as sentential constituents. We also explicitly label measure phrase modifiers of other constituents (see, for instance, Measure phrase modifiers of N). Only NP measure phrases are indicated as such. PP measure phrases (FOR THREE DAYS, etc.) are not indicated, in accordance with our policy of not specifying the function of PPs.
At the sentence level, measure noun phrases are always labeled NP-MSR.
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB last)
(NP-MSR (D a) (ADJ long) (N time))))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB last)
(NP-MSR (D a)
(ADJP (ADV very) (ADJ long))
(N time))))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB last)
(NP-MSR (ADJ long)))))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB last)
(NP-MSR (ADJP (ADV very) (ADJ long)))))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB cost)
(NP-MSR (QR more))))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB cost)
(NP-MSR (QP (Q much) (QR more)))))
Measure phrases at levels lower than IP are treated slightly differently depending on whether they are headed by Q.
( (ADJP (Q much) (ADJR higher)))
( (ADJP (QP (ADV very) (Q much))
(ADJR higher)))
( (ADJP (QP (Q much) (QR more))
(ADJ imposing)))
( (ADJP (QP (QP (ADVR so) (Q much))
(QR more))
(ADJ imposing)))
( (ADJP (NP-MSR (ADJ far)) ← NP-MSR around single orthographic word (ADJR higher))) ( (ADVP (NP-MSR (NUM half)) ← NP-MSR around single orthographic word (ADVR so) (ADV sore))) ( (ADJP (NP-MSR (ADJP (ADV quite) (ADJ far))) (ADJ distant))) ( (ADJP (NP-MSR (Q many) (NS times)) (ADJR higher)))
This includes quantified expressions of the form Q+N, Q+WPRO (e.g., SOMETHING, SOMEWHAT).
( (ADJP (NP-MSR (Q+WPRO somewhat)) ( (ADJP (NP-MSR (Q some) (WPRO what)
(ADJ late))) (ADJ late)))
( (ADVP-TMP (NP-MSR (Q+WPRO somwhat)) ( (ADVP-TMP (NP-MSR (Q some) (WPRO what)
(ADV aterwards))) (ADV afterwards)))
( (QP (NP-MSR (Q+N sumdele)) ( (QP (NP-MSR (Q sum) (N dele))
(QR moor))) (QR more)))
When extracted out of adjective or adverb phrases, measure phrases leave traces of the appropriate category (either QP or NP-MSR). Extracted QPs receive no surrounding NP-MSR, even when they end up as daughters of IP, contrary to the general convention of enclosing clause-level measure phrases in NP-MSR brackets.
( (IP-MAT (QP-1 (ADVR so) (Q much))
(BEP is)
(NP-SBJ (PRO$ your) (CODE <font>) (N Zenith))
(CODE <$$font>)
(ADJP-LOC (QP *ICH*-1)
(ADJ distant)
(PP (P from)
(NP (D the) (N Equinoctiall))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID BLUNDEV-1597-E2-H,152V.128))
( (CP-QUE-MAT (WNP-1 (WPRO what)
(QP *ICH*-2))
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(MD would)
(NP-SBJ (PRO you))
(HV have)
(QP-2 (QR more)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID PENNY-1686-E3-H,156.364))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO We)) (VBP practice) (NP-MSR (D a) (N lot)) (PUNC .))) ( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO They)) (VBP practice) (NP-MSR (QP (ADVR too) (Q much))) (PUNC .))) ( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO We)) (VBP practice) (NP-MSR (QP (ADVR so) (Q much)) (CP-DEG (C that) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we)) (HVP have) (NP-ACC (ADJ sore) (NS muscles)) (PP (P for) (NP (NUM three) (NS days)))))) (PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP (ADV So))
(NP-SBJ (NPR Balyn))
(VBD rode)
(NP-MSR (QR more)
(PP (P than)
(NP (D a) (N pace)))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,60.1985))
( (IP-MAT (PP (P At@)
(NP (D @te) (ADJ last)))
(NP-SBJ (NPR Balan)
(PUNC ,)
(NP-PRN (D the) (ADJR yonger) (N broder)))
(PUNC ,)
(VBD withdrewe)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
(NP-MSR (D a) (ADJ lytel)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,68.2312))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(ADVP-DIR (ADV+WARD +tiderwarde))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD went)
(NP-MSR (QP (ADVR as) (Q miche))
(PP (P as)
(CP-CMP (WNP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(MD my+gt)
(VB *)))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,62.1869))
Distance measure NPs can also modify a direction or location. Adverbial particles (RP) modified by a measure NP exceptionally project an ADVP. For phrases of the type TWENTY MILES FROM LONDON, see Silent head of ADJP.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO He))
(HVD had)
(VBN led)
(NP-OB1 (PRO them))
(PP (NP-MSR (ADJ far))
(P into)
(NP (D the) (N wilderness)))))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(MD wille)
(NEG not)
(BE be)
(ADVP-LOC (NP-MSR (ADJ long))
(ADV behynde))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N castel)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Tyntygaill))))
(BEP is)
(ADVP-LOC (NP-MSR (FP but) (NUM ten) (N myle))
(ADV hens))
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,4.86))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D the) (ADJ next) (N rest) (N stop))
(BEP is)
(ADVP-LOC (NP-MSR (NUM ten) (N miles))
(RP off))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
(MD maye)
(VB ryde)
(NP-MSR (Q all) (N nyghte))
(PP (P unto)
(NP (PRO$ oure) (ADJ owne) (N castell))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.19))
( (IP-SUB (NP-MSR (ADJ+N longtyme))
(NP-SBJ (NPR Brut))
(VBD dwellyd)
(PP (P with)
(NP (D +te) (N kyng))))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,6.138))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NP (PRO he))
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(NP (PRO$ his) (NS men))))
(HVD had)
(VBN sayled)
(NP-MSR (NP (NUM xx) (NS dayes))
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(NP (QR more)))))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,8.205))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ &)
(NP-SBJ (PRO +ge))
(MD schule)
(BE beon)
(NP-PRD (NS$ feondes) (N fode))
(NP-MSR (N world)
(PP (P buten)
(NP (N ende))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.160.2195))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
(HVD hefde)
(VBN of_erned)
(NP-OB1 (D +te) (NS pinen)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR helle))))
(NP-MSR (N world)
(ADVP (ADV aa))
(PP (P buten)
(NP (N ende)))))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.139.1864))
Measure NPs of time may also modify other constituents, in which case they can express duration or frequency.
( (ADVP-TMP (NP-MSR (D a) (ADJ long) (N time))
(ADV ago)))
( (ADVP-TMP (NP-MSR (NEG not) (ADJ long))
(ADV afterwards)))
( (ADVP-TMP (NP-MSR (NUM three) (NS years))
(ADV afterwards)))
( (PP (NP-MSR (NUM three) (NS years))
(P after)
(NP (D this))))
( (PP (NP-MSR (NUM three) (NS years))
(P after)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D this))
(VBD happened)))))
( (NP-TMP (NUM once)
(NP-MSR (D a) (N year))))
( (NP (NUM twenty) (NS shillings)
(NP-MSR (D a) (N week))))
( (PP (P after)
(NP (D +te) (NPR Incar-nacion)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Ihesu) (NPR Crist))))
(NP-MSR (NUM .ij_C._iiij._vj) (N +gere)))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,45.1347))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO They)) (VBD drove) (NP-MSR (PP (P from) (NP (NPR Philadelphia))) (PP (P to) (NP (NPR Chicago)))) (PP (P in) (NP (D a) (N day))) (PUNC .))) ( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO It)) (VBD lasted) (NP-MSR (PP (P from) (NP (NPR Monday) (N morning))) (PP (P until) (NP (NPR Thursday) (N afternoon)))) (PUNC .)))
( (IP-IMP (CONJ Ant)
(PP (P ed)
(LATIN (FW Deus) (PUNC ,) (FW in) (FW adiutorium)))
(VBI make+d)
(NP-OB1 (D an) (N cros))
(NP-MSR (PP (P from)
(NP (D +te) (N foreheaued)))
(PP (P to)
(NP (D +te) (N breoste))))
(PUNC ;))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,I.58.155))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ (D +tat))
(VBD durede)
(NP-MSR (PP (P fro)
(NP (D +te) (N morne)))
(PUNC ,)
(PP (P til)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
(BED was)
(NP-PRD (NUM xj)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D +te) (N Clokke)))
(PP (P of)
(NP (D +te) (N day))))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,228.4118))
( (IP-IMP (NP-MSR (PP (P From)
(NP (PRO$ ouwer) (N compelin)))
(PP (P o+det)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR Preciosa))
(BEP beo)
(VAN iseid)))))
(PUNC ,)
(VBI halde+d)
(NP-OB1 (N silence))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,I.60.180))
( (IP-MAT (PP (P whan)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(BEP is)
(NP-TMP (NUM ones))
(VAN conceyved)
(PP (P in)
(NP (D the) (NS hertes)
(PP (P of)
(NP (Q som) (NS men))))))))
(PUNC ,)
(ADVP (ADV certein))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(MD wol)
(VB lasten)
(ADVP (ADV peraventure))
(NP-MSR (NP-MSR (PP (P from)
(NP (ONE oon) (NPR Estre) (NPR day)))
(PP (P unto)
(NP (D+OTHER another) (NPR Estre) (NPR day))))
(PUNC ,)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (QR moore))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMCTPARS-M3,305.C2.726))
( (NP-TMP (NPR January) (ADJ third) (NUM 1732)))
( (NP-TMP (D the) (ADJ third)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR January)))
(NUM 1732)))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-TMP (D This) (N nyght))
(NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(MD shalle)
(VB lye)
(PP (P with)
(NP (NPR Igrayne)))
(PP (P in)
(NP (D the) (N castel)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Tyntigayll)))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,4.78))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (ADJ Presidential) (NS elections)) (BEP are) (VAN held) (NP-TMP (Q every) (NUM four) (NS years)) (PUNC .)))
( (IP-IMP (VBI Voryet)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ +ti) (N body))
(PUNC /)
(NP-TMP (NUM ones)
(NP-MSR (D a) (N day)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMAYENBI-M2,73.1406))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO him))
(VBP +tonkien)
(NP-ADT (Q alles) (NS +tinges)))
(ID CMLAMBX1-MX1,39.504))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(PP (P +gef)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ha))
(NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
(MD mei)
(VB eoten))))
(PUNC ;)
(VBP +toncke)
(NP-ADT (PRO hit))
(NP-OB2 (NPR god))
(ADVP (ADV +georne))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.85.1027))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-ADT (Q al)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tet)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (NPR god))
(DOP de+t)
(PP (P to)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N bodye))))))
(PUNC :)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBP yelt)
(NP-OB1 (NS +tonkes))
(PUNC /))
(ID CMAYENBI-M2,85.1662))
( (IP-MAT (NP-ADT (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO+ADV Whatever))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(VBP say))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(DOP do@)
(NEG @n't)
(VB believe)
(NP-OB2 (PRO them))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-IMP (NP-ADT (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO+ADV hwase))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (IP-SUB-2 (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV eauer))
(VBP missei+d)
(NP-OB2 (OTHER o+der)))
(PUNC .)
(CONJP (CONJ o+der)
(IP-SUB=2 (VB mis_de+d)
(NP-OB2 (PRO +te)))))))
(VBI nim)
(NP-OB1 (N +geme)))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.140.1872))
( (IP-SUB (NP-ADT (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
(C +te)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(NEG ne)
(VBP warne+d)
(NP-OB1 (OTHER o+der))
(PP (PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N lure)))
(CONJP (CONJ o+der)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N bi+gete))))))))
(NEG n@)
(BEP @is)
(NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
(NP-PRD (NP (N slau+de)
(ADJP (ADJ scheomelese)))
(CONJP (CONJ o+der)
(NP (ADJ attri) (N onde)))))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.155.2117))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(NP-ADT (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO+ADV whoso))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(MD wil)
(VB go)
(PP (P be)
(NP (D+OTHER another) (N weye)))
(PP (P fro)
(NP (NPR Babiloyne))))))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV +tan))
(NP-SBJ (MAN me))
(VBP goth)
(PP (P be)
(NP (D the) (NPR Rede) (NPR see)
(CP-REL (WNP-2 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
(BEP is)
(NP-PRD (D an) (N arm)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (N see)
(NP-PRN (NPR OCCEAN)))))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMANDEV-M3,37.933))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(NP-ADT (D +tose)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(HVP haue)
(NEG not)
(VBN schryuen)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hom)))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
(MD schall)
(BE be)
(VAN schowet)
(PP (P to)
(NP (Q all) (D +te) (N world)))
(PP (P yn)
(NP (ADJ gret) (N confusyon)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NX (N schenschyp)))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMIRK-M34,2.28))
( (IP-MAT (NP-ADT (D The) (NPR Civil) (NPR War))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N carnage))
(BED was)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ unprecedented))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (NP-ADT (ADJ Bitter)
(N sar)
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(NX (N schrift))))
(NP-SBJ (D +te) (ONE an))
(MD mot)
(VB cumen)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D +te) (OTHER o+der)))
(PP (P as)
(CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (NPR iudith))
(DOD dude)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR merarith))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.229.3311))
( (IP-MAT (NP-ADT (D +Te) (OTHER o+tre) (NUM vour)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tet)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(VBP come+t)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV+WARD $efterward)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO we))
(MD wille+t)
(VB speke)
(NP-OB1 (D ane) (OTHER o+tre) (N speche))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMAYENBI-M2,110.2119))
( (IP-INF (TO to)
(VB fast)
(NP-TMP (PRO$ hur) (N euens))
(NP-ADT (N bred) (CONJ and) (N watyr)) ← on bread and water
(PP (P in)
(NP (ADJ hegh) (N mede)
(PP (P to)
(NP (PRO you))))))
(ID CMMIRK-M34,57.1582))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV +ta))
(VBD onswerede)
(NP-OB2 (PRO him))
(NP-SBJ (NPR drihten))
(NP-ADT (ADJR mildere) (N steuene)) ← in/with a milder voice
(PUNC .))
(ID CMLAMBX1-MX1,45.587))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The) (N lion))
(VBD lay)
(RP down)
(ADVP (ADV tamely))
(PP (P before)
(NP (NPR Yvain)))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-CAR (D an)
(ADJ unexpected)
(N surprise))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO You))
(MD will)
(BE be)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ able)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB work)
(PP (P from)
(NP (N home)))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-CAR (D a)
(ADJP (ADV possibly) (ADJ important))
(N advantage)
(PP (P to)
(NP (PRO you))))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-IMP (VBI Behave)
(NP-RFL (PRO yourself))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (P whan)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD sawe)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ their) (N countenaunce)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD dredde)
(NP-RFL (PRO hym))
(ADVP (ADV sore))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,203.3247))
( (IP-IMP-SPE (CONJ And)
(PP (ADV+P therfor))
(VBI desmay)
(NP-RFL (PRO you))
(NEG not)
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,5.130))
( (IP-MAT (PUNC ')
(IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP assente)
(NP-RFL (PRO me)))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Arthure))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,39.1275))
( (IP-IMP (NP-VOC (NPR God))
(PUNC ,)
(VBI grant)
(NP-OB2 (PRO us))
(NP-OB1 (N serenity))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-IMP (INTJ O)
(NP-VOC (NPR Lord))
(PUNC ,)
(VBI grant)
(CP-THT (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(MD may)
(VB seek)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB love))))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-IMP (VBI say)
(NEG not)
(ADVP (ADV so))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-VOC (NPR Ananda))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PUNC ')
(ADVP (ADV Wel))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-VOC (PRO$ my) (N lord))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD said)
(NP-SBJ (NPR syre) (NPR Ulfius)))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(MD shal)
(VB seke)
(NP-OB1 (NPR Merlyn)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,3.47))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PUNC ')
(NP-VOC (N Syr))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD said)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Merlyn)))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP knowe)
(NP-OB1 (Q al) (PRO$ your) (N hert)
(NP-PRN (Q every) (N dele)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,3.70))
An NP extracted from another constituent (phrase or clause) does not bear a dash tag, but is coindexed with a trace within the constituent from which it is extracted. If necessary, the function of the extracted NP is indicated on the trace. Examples include topicalization with preposition stranding, long-distance topicalization, and extraposition of an appositive or parenthetical.
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
(MD shall)
(VB blede)
(NP-OB1 (PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ hir) (N bloode)))
(D a) (N sylver) (N dysshefull)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,62.2048))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (ADJ ouerthwart) (N piece))
(BED was)
(NP-PRD (PP (P of)
(NP (N lengthe)))
(NP (NUM .iij.) (NS cybytes))
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(NP (D an) (NUM half)))))
(ID CMMANDEV-M3,8.130))
See also Adverbial clause and Clausal complement of P.
In the absence of reliable criteria, our annotation system makes no distinction between complement and adjunct PPs.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(ADVP (ADV so))
(PP (P by)
(NP (NS meanes)))
(NP-SBJ (NPR kynge) (NPR Uther))
(VBD send)
(PP (P for)
(NP (D this) (N duk))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.9))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(MD wold)
(NEG not)
(VB assente)
(PP (P unto)
(NP (D the) (N kynge)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.17))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(MD wille)
(NEG not)
(VB Come)
(PP (P at)
(NP (PRO$ your) (NS somons))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.25))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Thenne))
(PP (P in)
(NP (Q all) (N haste)))
(VBD came)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Uther))
(PP (P with)
(NP (D a) (ADJ grete) (N hoost))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,3.38))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ for)
(PP (P within)
(NP (ADJ forty) (NS dayes)))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(MD wold)
(VB fetche)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
(PP (RP oute)
(P of)
(NP (D the) (ADJS byggest) (N castell)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(HVP hath)))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.33))
( (NP (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO what)) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we)) (BEP are) (VAN left) (PP (P with) (NP *T*-1))))))
( (IP-IMP (NP-1 (Q Alle) (D +tyse))
(VBI be+tenk)
(NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
(PP (P of)
(NP *ICH*-1))
(ADVP-LOC (ADV inwardly))
(PP (P in)
(NP (PRO$ +tyn) (CODE <P_55>) (N herte)))
(ID CMAELR3-M23,55.883))
( (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(BEP am)
(VAN gurte)
(PP (P withall)
(NP *T*-1))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,45.1484))
( (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(BED was)
(ADJP-PRD (Q muche)
(ADJ beholdynge)
(PP (P to)
(NP *T*-1)))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,49.1606))
( (IP-MAT (CP-QUE-MAT-SPE (WPP-1 (RP Oute) (P of)
(WNP (WD what) (N courte)))
(IP-SUB (BEP be)
(NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(VBN com)
(PP (P fro) ← doubled preposition
(PP *T*-1))))
(PUNC ?)
(PUNC ')
(VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Balyn))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,51.1682))
Although the trace of passivized constituents is not normally
indicated, it is in the case of passivization from PP. See
Trace of A-movement for
examples.
In general, QP does not occur at the clausal level. There are two
exceptions:
Quantifier phrase (QP)
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(VBD went)
(QP (Q both)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO them))))
(ADVP (ADV together))
(PUNC .))
(ID AUTHOLD-1611-E2-H,22,1G.785))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD tooke)
(QP (Q euery) (N man))
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N rod))
(PUNC .))
(ID AUTHOLD-1611-E2-H,17,1N.1220))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(BEP are)
(QP (Q many)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO them))))
(NP-PRD (ADJP (ADV very) (ADJ notable))
(NS theeues))
(PUNC .))
(ID COVERTE-1612-E2-H,45.309))
Verb phrase (VP)
Although our annotation scheme does not generally include a VP node,
there are three cases where the boundaries of the VP are clear and where
omitting VP creates more problems than it solves:
VP topicalization
( (IP-MAT (VP-1 (VB Go)
(PP (RP out)
(P of)
(NP (PRO$ their) (N way))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(MD will)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV sometimes))
(HV have)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VP *ICH*-1))))
( (IP-MAT (VP (VB hyde)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hem)))
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(MD wolden))
(ID CMAELR4-M4,24.738))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ Ach)
(VP (VB totin)
(RP vt)
(PP (P wi+d_uten)
(NP (N uuel))))
(NEG ne)
(MD mei)
(NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ ouwer))
(Q nou+der))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.43.381))
( (IP-MAT (VP (VP (VB sauuen)
(NP-OB1 (PRO ow) (N seoluen)))
(CONJ (CONJ &)
(VP (VB maten)
(NP-OB1 (PRO him))
(ADVP (ADVR betere)))))
(NEG ne)
(MD mu+ge)
(NP-SBJ (PRO +ge))
(PP (P on)
(NP (Q nane) (N wise))))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.78.915))
( (IP-MAT-1 (CONJ bot)
(VP (VB gange)
(PP (P fra)
(NP (N stede)))
(PP (P til)
(NP (N stede))))
(MD wil)
(NP-SBJ (PRO +tai)))
(ID CMBENRUL-M3,4.114))
VP extraction from subordinate clause
( (PP (VP-1 (VB go)
(PP (RP out)
(P of)
(NP (PRO$ their) (N way))))
(P though)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(MD might)
(HV have)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VP *ICH*-1))))))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD left)
(NP-ACC (PRO hir))
(ADJP-SPR (ADJ a-loon)
(PP (P a-mong)
(NP (PRO hem))))
(PUNC ,)
(PP (VP-1 (VB cheys)
(NP-RFL (PRO hir)))
(P as)
(CP-ADV (WADVP-2 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-2)
(NP-SBJ (PRO sche))
(MD cowde)
(VP *ICH*-1)))))
(ID CMKEMPE-M4,27.600))
VP in parenthetical of the type THAT IS (TO SAY/UNDERSTAND)
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO You))
(MD should@)
(NEG @n't)
(VB risk)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ your) (N health))
(PUNC ,)
(IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D that))
(BEP is)
(PUNC ,)
(VP (VB smoke) (CONJ or) (VB drink)))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(MD woll)
(VB taken)
(NP-OB1 (N ensampull)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Seynt) (NPR Paule))))
(PUNC ,)
(IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
(BEP ys)
(PUNC ,)
(VP (VP (VP (VB leue)
(NP-OB1 (N pryde)))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(VP (BE be)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ meke)))))
(PUNC ,)
(CONJP (VP (VP (VB leue)
(NP-OB1 (N synne)))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(VP (BE be)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ bysy)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB amende))))))))))
(ID CMMIRK-M34,55.1553))
Unknown (XX)
The label XX is used to annotate structures that are
ungrammatical or otherwise unknown or difficult to determine - for
instance, because of damage to the manuscript. Within a passage
labeled XX, words are usually labeled, and partial structure
may be provided to the extent that it is clear. However, unlike in the
case of FRAG, the parts do not form a coherent whole.
( (XX (ADJ utwart)
(PP (P wi+d)
(NP (PRO$ hire) (N heorte)))
(PUNC .)
(PP (P as)
(CP-ADV (WNP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-RSP-1 (PRO hit))
(VBP bi_time+d)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV eauer))
(NP-MSR (QS mest)))))
(PUNC .)
(C +tt)
(VBP gan)
(NP (D +te) (NS wittes))
(RP ut))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.133.1764))
( (XX (QP (ADVR zuo) (Q moche))
(PUNC /)
(C +tet)
(PP (P to)
(NP (D +te) (N herte)
(PUNC /)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D +te) (ADJ enuious)))))
(PUNC /)
(NP (NS +to+gtes) (ADJ uenimouses)
(PUNC /)
(PP (P of)
(NP (ADJ uals) (N dom))))
(PUNC /)
(CP-DEG (C +tet)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
(NEG ne)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hise))
(MD may)
(VB telle)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMAYENBI-M2,27.421))
( (IP-MAT (META (NP (CODE <font>) (NPR Tyb) (CODE <$$font>)))
(IP-MAT-1 (NP-OB1 (D That))
(NP-SBJ (PRO ch@))
(MD @al)
(VB *)
(NP-VOC (NPR gammer))
(XX (X swythe) (CONJ and) (X tyte)))
(PUNC ,)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(IP-MAT=1 (ADVP-TMP (ADV sone))
(BE be)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV here))
(ADVP (ADV agayne))))
(PUNC .))
(ID STEVENSO-1558-E1-H,10.74))
Words as clausal constituents
Adverb
It is apparently possible for adverbs to scramble out of other phrases
and become daughters of IP. Some instances look like errors in the
original, but we have not attempted to emend the text.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(NP-ADT (D that)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO which))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BEP is)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ worthy)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N memorie)))))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (QP (ADV *ICH*-3)
(Q all))
(D thies)
(NS giuers))
(BED were)
(ADV-3 almost)
(NP-PRD (NPRS Northenmen)
(PUNC .))
(ID ASCH-1566-E1-H,54R.142))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The)
(CODE <font>)
(N+N Husbandman)
(CODE <$$font>)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO$ whose) (N occupation))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BEP is)
(NP-PRD (D the)
(ADJ generall)
(NS affaires)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (ADJ common) (N wealth)))))))
(PUNC ,)
(PP (P as)
(FRAG (FRAG (NP (Q some))
(PP (P to)
(NP (D the) (NS Markets))))
(PUNC ,)
(CONJP (FRAG (NP (Q some))
(PP (P to)
(NP (D the) (N Citie)))))
(PUNC ,)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(FRAG (NP (Q some))
(PP (P to)
(NP (D the)
(NS seates)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N Iustice)))))))))
(PUNC ;)
(MD must)
(ADVP (ADV necessarilie))
(BE be)
(VAN imploied)
(ADV-2 almost)
(PP (P in)
(NP (ADJP (ADV *ICH*-2)
(ADJ continuall))
(N trauell)))
(PUNC :))
(ID MARKHAM-1615-E2-H,1,71.7))
Adverbial particle
Adverbial particles do not generally
project a phrase. When following nouns as modifiers, they are treated
as nonverbal predicates of reduced relative clauses.
See Reduced relative clause for examples.
When modified by measure phrases, they exceptionally project a
directional or locative ADVP.
See Measure phrase of
distance for examples.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(PP (ADV+P therwith))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD yelde)
(RP up)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N ghost))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,7.178))
( (IP-MAT (PP (ADV+P Therwithalle))
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Ector))
(VBD assayed)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB pulle)
(RP oute)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerd))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,9.253))
Particles immediately preceding a PP are attached low if the meaning
allows. See Modifier of PP for
examples.
Floated quantifier
See also clause-level QP.
Phrases that are ambiguous between an ordinary subject and a floated
quantifier are treated by default as subjects.
Floated quantifiers are labeled Q without a phrase label. The connection to the phrase that they quantify, which is usually the subject, is not made explicit.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO We))
(BEP are)
(Q all)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ happy)
(PP (P with)
(NP (D the) (N result))))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(PP (ADV+P +terof))
(NP-SBJ (PRO +tai))
(VBD maden)
(Q al)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ gret) (N ioye))
(PUNC ;))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,122.3705))
If there is no other possible interpretation, quantifiers in non-floated positions are also labeled Q at the clausal level.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ but)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(BED wern)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ barayne))
(Q bo+te)
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMIRK-M34,15.433))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tay))
(BED werne)
(VAN rayset)
(Q all))
(ID CMMIRK-M34,8.199))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (FP Even) (D a) (N card)) (MD would) (BE be) (NP-PRD (D a) (ADJ welcome) (N gesture)) (PUNC .))) ( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO We)) (BEP are) (FP only) (VAG asking) (PP (P for) (NP (D a) (ADJ little) (N favor))) (PUNC .)))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(MD wille)
(NEG not)
(VB Come)
(PP (P at)
(NP (PRO$ your) (NS somons))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.25))
( (IP-INF-PRP (FOR for)
(TO to)
(HV have)
(VBN distressid)
(NP-OB1 (NP-POS (D the) (N$ kynges))
(N hooste)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,4.89))
( (IP-INF (FOR for)
(TO to)
(VB nourisshe)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N child))
(PP (ADV lyke)
(P as)
(CP-ADV (WNP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge))
(VBD desyred)))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,6.145))
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ But)
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(MD ought)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV ever))
(TO to)
(BE be)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ hevy)))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Merlion))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,35.1109))
In impersonal constructions, this can result in clauses with two instances of NP-DTV, which are not otherwise possible.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (P if)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tay))
(BEP be)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ dede)))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(NP-OB2 (PRO thaym))
(MD awe) ← impersonal OUGHT
(TO to)
(VB helpe)
(NP-OB2 (PRO$ +taire) (NS sawles))
(PP (P with)
(NP (NS almous_dedes) (CONJ and) (NS prayers)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMROLLTR-M24,11.297))
At the clausal level, participles occur as complements of passive auxiliaries and copular verbs, in reduced relative clauses, in small clauses, and in absolute clauses.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(MD may)
(NEG nat)
(BE be)
(VAN delyverde)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D thys) (N swerde)))
(PP (P but)
(PP (P by)
(NP (D a) (N knyght))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,45.1485))
( (NP (NP (PRO$ her) (NS shyldis))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (PRO$ her) (NS swerdis)))
(RRC (ADJP-SPR (ADJ redy))
(VAN drawyn)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,203.3250))
( (NP (D the) (N castell)
(RRC (VAN called)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *)
(NP-PRD (NPR Camelot)))
(PP (P in)
(NP (D tho) (NS dayes)))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,45.1476))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PUNC ')
(CONJ but)
(PP (P with)
(NP (N falshede)))
(NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(MD wolde)
(HV have)
(HVN had)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO me))
(VAN slayne)
(PP (P with)
(NP (N treson))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,206.3370))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (N fende))
(VBD felte)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO hym))
(ADVP (ADVR so))
(VAN charged)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,664.4727))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(NP-SBJ (PRO she))
(VBD flowe)
(PP (P unto)
(NP (D the) (N elme)))
(IP-INF-PRP (TO to)
(VB take)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ hir) (N perche)))
(PUNC ,)
(IP-ABS (NP-SBJ (D the) (NS lunes))
(VAN overcast)
(PP (P aboute)
(NP (D a) (N bowghe))))
(PUNC ;))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,205.3317))
Perfect participles occur mainly with HAVE, but also occasionally with BE (HE IS COME). In doubtful cases, the default is BE (for ease of retrieval).
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO She@))
(BEP @'s) ← default BE
(VBN arrived)
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP (ADV So))
(PP (P as)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(VBD rode)
(PP (P to)
(NP (D the) (NS justes) (WARD ward))))))
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Kay))
(HVD had)
(VBN lost)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N suerd))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,8.210))
( (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR syre) (NPR Ector))
(BED was)
(VBN come))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,6.145))
Present participles occur after BE, in reduced relative clauses, in participial clauses, and in absolute clauses.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The) (N water))
(BEP is)
(VAG boiling)
(PUNC .)))
( (NP (D a) (N yoman) (N porter)
(RRC (VAG kepyng)
(NP-OB1 (Q many) (NS keyes))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,193.2845))
( (IP-PPL (VAG rushing)
(PP (P towards)
(NP (PRO them)))))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO They))
(VBD saw)
(IP-PPL-OB1 (NP-SBJ (PRO us))
(VAG coming))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Than))
(VBD departed)
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Percivale))
(PP (P frome)
(NP (PRO$ hys) (N awnte)))
(PUNC ,)
(IP-ABS (NP-SBJ (Q aythir))
(VAG makyng)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N sorow)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,659.4580))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N strengthe)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NX (N hardinesse)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP know)
(NP-1 (PRO hym))
(NEG nat)
(IP-ABS (NP-SBJ *ICH*-1)
(VAG lyvynge))
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ hys) (N macche))
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,51.1668))
Left-dislocated constituents have a matching resumptive constituent
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(NP-LFD (NPR Bleobris)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BED was)
(NP-PRD (N+N godson))
(PP (P unto)
(NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Bors))))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO he))
(VBD bare)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (ADJ chyeff) (N standard))
(PUNC ;))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,25.767))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(NP-LFD (D the) (ADJ comoun) (N peple)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(MD wolde)
(VB putte)
(NP-OB1 (NP (PRO$ here) (NS bodyes))
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(NP (PRO$ here) (N catell))))
(IP-INF-PRP (FOR for) (TO to)
(VB conquere)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ oure) (N heritage))))))
(NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO +tei))
(MD may)
(NEG not)
(DO don)
(NP-OB1 (PRO it))
(PP (P withouten)
(NP (D the) (NS lordes)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMANDEV-M3,3.30))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
(NP-LFD (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO who))
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(VBP holdeth)
(PP (P ageynst)
(NP (PRO it))))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO we))
(MD wille)
(VB slee)
(NP-OB1-RSP (PRO hym))
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,11.302))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO They)) (MD will) (VB need) (NP-OB1 (Q some) (ADJ additional) (N assistance)) (PUNC ,) (NP-LFD (D the) (NS beginners)) (PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-LFD (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (WADV wherever)) (IP-SUB (ADVP-DIR *T*-1) (NP-SBJ (PRO you)) (VBP go)))) (ADVP-LOC-RSP (ADV there)) (NP-SBJ (PRO you)) (BEP are) (PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-LFD (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (WADV where))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (Q moche) (N turmentynge))
(BEP is)
(PP (P by)
(NP (N affliccyon)))
(PP (P in)
(NP (N flesshe))))))
(PUNC ,)
(ADVP-LOC-RSP (ADV there))
(NP-SBJ=3 *exp*)
(BEP is)
(PUNC /)
(NP-3 (QP (Q litel)
(CONJP *ICH*-2))
(ADJ flesshly) (N delectacyon)
(CONJP-2 (CONJ or)
(Q noon)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMAELR4-M4,11.291))
( (IP-MAT (CP-THT-LFD (C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
(PP (P wid)
(NP (PRO +taim)))
(MD may)
(VB ga)))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-SBJ (NPR god))
(VBP gif)
(NP-OB1-RSP (PRO it))
(NP-OB2 (PRO us))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMBENRUL-M3,5.119))
In general, it is phrases, and not words, that are marked as resumptive. Fronted verbs in free relatives are exempt from this general rule. In order to conform, possessive resumptive pronouns are exceptionally bracketed as NP-POS.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
(NP-LFD (PRO he)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(HVP hath)
(VBN slayne)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hym)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP know)
(NEG nat)
(NP-OB1 (NP-POS-RSP (PRO$ his)) ← resumptive possessive pronoun
(N name))
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,202.3217))
( (IP-MAT (NP-LFD (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tt)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(NP-OB1 (SUCH swich) (N ful+de))
(VBP spit)
(RP ut)
(PP (P in)
(NP (NP-POS (Q ani) (N$ ancre))
(NS earen))))))
(PUNC .)
(NP-SBJ (MAN me))
(MD schulde)
(VB dutten)
(NP-OB1 (NP-POS-RSP (PRO$ his)) ← resumptive possessive pronoun
(N mu+d))
(PUNC .)
(PP (PP (NEG naut)
(P mid)
(NP (ADJ scharpe) (NS sneates)))
(CONJP (CONJ ach)
(PP (P mid)
(NP (ADJ harde) (NS fustes)))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.66.707))
In PPs with resumptive R-pronoun complements, the entire PP bears
the
( (IP-MAT (NP-LFD (PRO$ my) (N country)) (PP-RSP (ADV+P thereof)) ← resumptive THERE word (NP-SBJ (PRO I)) (MD will) (VB sing) (PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(NP-LFD (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tt)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(DOD dude)
(NP-OB2 (NPR iob)))))
(PUNC .)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV eauer))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD nom)
(NP-OB1 (N leaue))
(PP-RSP (ADV+P +terof)) ← resumptive THERE word
(PP (P ed)
(NP (PRO$ ure) (NPR lauerd)))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMANCRIW-1-M1,II.170.2357))
The extended label
( (NP (D the) (N duke)
(NP-PRN (PRO$ her) (N husband)))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.18))
( (NP (Q al) (PRO$ your) (N hert)
(NP-PRN (Q every) (N dele))) ← every part
(ID CMMALORY-M4,3.70))
( (NP (NPR god)
(NP-PRN (PRO+N him-selfe)))
(ID CMBENRUL-M3,26.885))
( (NP (D +te) (N Kyng)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Fraunce)))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-PRN (NPR Agampe)))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,17.512))
( (NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ owen) (N cosyn)
(PUNC ,)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BED was)
(NP-PRD (NP-POS (PRO$ his) (N$ Vncles))
(N sone))))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-PRN (D a)
(ADJP (ADJ noble)
(CONJP *ICH*-2))
(N kny+gt)
(CONJP-2 (CONJ and)
(ADJ stronge)))
(PUNC ,)
(CP-REL (WNP-3 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
(VBD callede)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
(NP-PRD (NPR Maximian))))))
(ID CMBRUT3-M3,42.1280))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (P $aftir)
(NP (D the) (N haste)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (NS lettirs)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(VBD gaff)
(NP-OB2 (PRO hem))
(NP-OB1 (D thys) (N answere)
(CP-THT-PRN (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(MD wolde)
(VB fulfille)
(NP-OB1 (D $the) (N desire)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NP-POS (NPR kyng) (NPR$ Arthurs))
(N wrytynge)))))))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,16.488))
If separated from its co-constituent, the appositive/parenthetical is coindexed with an *ICH* trace within the co-constituent. In that case, as usual, only the trace bears the extended tag. The two most common types are extraposed NP appositives and clauses (usually THAT clauses) appositive to demonstratives (usually THIS or THAT).
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (Q Some)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (NS students)))
(NP-PRN *ICH*-1))
(MD will)
(VB need)
(NP-OB1 (Q some) (ADJ additional) (N assistance))
(PUNC ,)
(NP-1 (D the) (NS beginners))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PP (P If)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D thys))
(BEP be)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ sothe)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO I)
(NP-PRN *ICH*-1))
(MD woll)
(VB assay)
(NP-1 (PRO$+N myselffe))
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB draw)
(RP oute)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerde))))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,45.1493))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ (D that))
(BED was)
(NP-PRD (D thys)
(CP-THT-PRN *ICH*-1))
(PUNC ,)
(ADVP (ADV shortly))
(PUNC ,)
(CP-THT-1 (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (CONJ neyther)
(NP (PRO he))
(CONJP (CONJ nor)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N wyf))))
(MD wold)
(NEG not)
(VB come)
(PP (P at)
(NP (PRO hym)))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,2.29))
Structures that are ambiguous between an analysis involving extraction out of a subordinate clause (even out of an adjunct) and one involving a parenthetical are treated by default as instances of extraction. This is similar in spirit to our treatment of tokens that are ambiguous between extraction and pied piping.
( (IP-MAT (PP-1 (P Of) ← like this
(NP (D this)))
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP believe)
(CP-THT (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(HVP have)
(NP-OB1 (Q no) (N clue)
(PP *ICH*-1))))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (PP-1 (P Of) ← not like this
(NP (D this)))
(IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP believe))
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(HVP have)
(NP-OB1 (Q no) (N clue)
(PP *ICH*-1))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ But)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N woman)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BED was)
(VAN accused))))
(PUNC -)
(IP-MAT-PRN (ADVP-LOC (ADV elsewhere))
(NP-SBJ (PRO we))
(VBP read)
(CP-THT (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ her) (N name))
(BED was)
(NP-PRD (NPR Mary) (NPR Magdalene)))))
(PUNC -)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Christ))
(VBD pardoned)
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The) (N river))
(VBD froze)
(IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(BED was)
(ADJP-PRD (ADVR so) (ADJ cold)))
(PUNC .)))
( (IP-MAT-1 (NP-SBJ (NUM Two) (NS men))
(VBP pass)
(RP by)
(PUNC -)
(IP-MAT-PRN=1 (IP-MAT-PRN=1 (NP-SBJ (D a) (N priest))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV first)))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(IP-MAT-PRN=1 (ADVP-TMP (ADV then))
(NP-SBJ (D a) (NPR Levite)))))
(PUNC .))
(ID TALBOT-1901-1,192.391))
( (PP (P when)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB-1 (NP-SBJ (D the) (N horse))
(VBP travels)
(NP-MSR (Q much))
(PUNC ,)
(IP-SUB-PRN=1 (ADVP (ADV especially))
(PP (P on)
(NP (ADJ stony) (N ground)))))))
(ID TINDALL-1814-1,19.79))
Glosses or expansions on words or phrases introduced by THAT IS, THAT IS TO SAY/UNDERSTAND, and the like are labeled parenthetical clauses (IP-MAT-PRN). By the same token, TO WIT is treated as IP-INF-PRN. The gloss itself is treated as a complement of the lowest verb. The category of the gloss is usually NP or PP, but may be VP (see VP in parenthetical) or even IP-MAT.
( (NP (D +te) (N concience)
(PUNC ,)
(IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +te))
(BEP is)
(PUNC ,)
(NP-PRD (D +te) (N inwit)
(PP (PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ +ti) (N +toht)))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ +tin) (N heorte)))))))))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (Q+N No-man))
(MD may)
(VB $amende)
(NP-OB1 (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (NPR God))
(HVP ha+t)
(VBN despised))))
(PUNC -)
(IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
(BEP is)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB seye)
(PUNC ,)
(PP (P wit-owte)
(NP (NP (ADJ gret) (N repentaunce)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N man))))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (ADJ special) (N grace)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR God)))))))))
(PUNC .))
(ID CMAELR3-M23,52.843))
Full sentences of direct speech (matrix clauses, imperatives, and direct
questions) are given the extended label
The verb of saying governing the direct speech is dominated by IP-MAT-PRN only if surrounded by direct speech on both sides.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PUNC ')
(ADVP (ADV Well))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge)))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(MD shall)
(VB ordayne)
(IP-INF-SPE (TO to)
(VB wythstonde)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ hys) (N malice)))
(PUNC .)
(PUNC '))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,45.1475))
Otherwise, the direct speech is taken as a complement of the verb of saying, even if it precedes the verb.
( (IP-MAT (PUNC ')
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Launcelot))
(VBD seyde)
(PUNC ,)
(IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO It@))
(BEP @s)
(ADJP-PRD (ADJ true)))
(PUNC !)
(PUNC ')))
( (IP-MAT (PUNC ')
(IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO Hit))
(BEP is)
(NP-PRD (N trouthe)))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(VBD seyde) ← like this
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Launcelot))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,180.2409))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (PUNC ')
(NP-SBJ (PRO Hit))
(BEP is)
(NP-PRD (N trouthe))
(PUNC ,)
(PUNC ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde) ← not like this
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Launcelot)))
(PUNC ,))
(ID CMMALORY-M4,180.2409))