| Category | | ADJ
| adjective, including ordinal number
| ADJR (comparative)
| ADJS (superlative)
| ADJ$ (possessive; very rare)
| ADV
| adverb
| ADVR (comparative)
| ADVS (superlative)
| ALSO
| the words ALSO (except with the meaning AS) and EKE (the latter in Middle English only)
| BE
| auxiliary and main verb BE
| BE (infinitive)
| BAG (present participle)
| BED (past, including past subjunctive)
| BEI (imperative)
| BEN (perfect participle)
| BEP (present, including present subjunctive)
| C
| complementizer
| CONJ
| coordinating conjunction
| D
| determiner
| DO
| auxiliary and main verb DO
| DO (infinitive)
| DAG (present participle)
| DAN (passive participle)
| DOD (past)
| DOI (imperative)
| DON (perfect participle)
| DOP (present, including present subjunctive)
| ELSE
| the word ELSE in the collocation OR ELSE
| EX
| existential THERE
| FOR
| infinitival FOR
| FP
| focus particle
| FW
| foreign word
| HV
| auxiliary and main verb HAVE
| HV (infinitive)
| HAG (present participle)
| HAN (passive participle)
| HVD (past)
| HVI (imperative)
| HVN (perfect participle)
| HVP (present, including present subjunctive)
| ID
| identification number for sentence tokens
| INTJ
| interjection
| LB
| line break (Middle English only)
| LS
| list item
| MAN
| indefinite subject pronoun (Middle English only)
| MD
| modal verb
| MD0 (untensed, rare)
| N
| common noun
| N (singular)
| N$ (singular, possessive)
| NS (plural)
| NS$ (plural possessive)
| NPR
| proper noun
| NPR (singular)
| NPR$ (singular, possessive)
| NPRS (plural)
| NPRS$ (plural possessive)
| NUM
| cardinal number
| NUM$ (possessive, very rare)
| ONE
| default label for the word ONE
| ONE (singular)
| ONE$ (singular possessive)
| ONES (plural)
| ONES$ (plural possessive)
| OTHER
| the word OTHER
| OTHER (singular)
| OTHER$ (singular possessive)
| OTHERS (plural)
| OTHERS$ (plural possessive)
| P
| preposition or subordinating conjunction
| PRO
| pronoun
| PRO$ (possessive)
| PUNC
| punctuation (both sentence-medial and sentence-final)
| Q
| quantifier
| QR (comparative)
| QS (superlative)
| Q$ (possessive, very rare)
| RP
| adverbial particle
| SUCH
| the word SUCH
| TO
| infinitival TO, TIL, and AT
| VB
| verb other than BE, DO, or HAVE
| VB (infinitive)
| VAG (present participle)
| VAN (passive participle)
| VBD (past)
| VBI (imperative)
| VBN (perfect participle)
| VBP (present, including present subjunctive)
| WADV
| wh-adverb
|
| WARD
| the morpheme WARD
|
| WD
| wh-determiner
|
| WPRO
| wh-pronoun
| WPRO$ (possessive)
| WQ
| WHETHER or IF as head of indirect question
|
| X
| unknown part of speech
|
| $
| possessive (when split from host morpheme)
|
| |
|---|
Certain basic syntactic categories have variants ending in X (for
instance, NP and NX). These variants are used in conjunction contexts
and are intended to be agnostic about whether the category in question
is a lexical or a phrasal projection. For details, see the section on
conjunction.
Category tags
| Label | Category | Combines with function tags | Variant for shared premodifier contexts | Wh- variant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADJP | adjective phrase | CAR, LOC, PRD, SPR | ADJX | WADJP |
| ADVP | adverb phrase | DIR, LOC, TMP | ADVX | WADVP |
| CONJP | conjunction phrase | |||
| CP | complement clause or question | See CP types | WCP (rare, but possible in pied-piping contexts) | |
| FRAG | sentence fragment | |||
| INTJP | interjection phrase | |||
| IP | clauses other than CP | See IP types | WIP (rare, but possible in pied-piping contexts) | |
| NP | noun phrase | ADT, ADV, CAR, COM, DIR, DPS, LOC, MSR, OB1, OB2, PRD, RFL, SBJ, SPR, TMP, VOC | NX | WNP |
| NUMP | number phrase | NUMX (rare) | ||
| PP | prepositional phrase | WPP | ||
| QP | quantifier phrase | QX | WQP | |
| QTP | quotation phrase | |||
| VP | verb phrase (rare) | |||
| XX | unknown phrasal category |
| Label | Function |
|---|---|
| -ADT | adjunct |
| -ADV | adverbial (e.g., manner) |
| -CAR | clause-adjoined |
| -COM | bare NP complement (corresponding to Modern English OF phrase) |
| -DIR | directional |
| -DPS | dative of possession |
| -LOC | locative |
| -MSR | measure |
| -OB1 | direct object |
| -OB2 | indirect object |
| -PRD | predicate |
| -RFL | inherent reflexive |
| -SBJ | subject |
| -SPR | secondary predicate |
| -TMP | temporal |
| -VOC | vocative |
| Label | Definition |
|---|---|
| -LFD | left-dislocated |
| -PRN | parenthetical or appositive |
| -RSP | resumptive |
| -SPE | direct speech (only on CP, IP) |
| -XXX | unknown function |
| CODE | material that is not part of the text proper (text markup, page numbers, editorial comments, and the like) |
| FOREIGN | passage in any foreign language other than (or, in PCEEC2, including) Latin |
| LATIN | passage in Latin |
| META | special text material (stage directions, speaker changes in plays, quotations in Modern English from Middle English, and the like) |
| REF | references in the original text to sources of quotations |
| Label | Type | Subtype |
|---|---|---|
| IP-ABS | absolute clause | |
| IP-IMP | imperative | |
| IP-INF | infinitive | -ABS (absolute infinitive) |
| -ADT (infinitival adjunct) | ||
| -DEG (degree infinitive) | ||
| -PRP (purpose infinitive) | ||
| -SBJ (as subject) | ||
| IP-MAT | matrix clause | |
| IP-PPL | participial clause | -ABS (absolute) |
| -OB1 (as complement of verb or preposition) | ||
| -SBJ (as subject) | ||
| IP-SMC | small clause | |
| IP-SUB | subordinate clause | |
| RRC | reduced relative clause |
| Label | Type | Subtype |
|---|---|---|
| CP-ADV | adverbial clause | |
| CP-CAR | clause-adjoined relative clause | |
| CP-CLF | IT cleft | |
| CP-CMP | comparative clause | |
| CP-DEG | degree complement clause | |
| CP-EOP | empty operator clause (nonfinite) | |
| CP-EXL | exclamation (direct or indirect) | |
| CP-FRL | free relative clause | |
| CP-QUE (always annotated for subtype) | -MAT (direct question) | |
| -SUB (indirect question) | ||
| -SUB-ADV (adverbial WHETHER clause) | ||
| -SUB-SBJ (ndirect question as subject) | ||
| -TAG (tag question) | ||
| CP-REL | relative clause | |
| CP-THT | THAT complement clause | -SBJ (as subject) |
| CP-TMC | TOUGH movement complement | |
| *arb* | arbitrary subject in ECM infinitive (WE HEAR TELL) |
| *con* | subject elided under conjunction |
| *exp* | empty expletive subject |
| *pro* | empty thematic subject (rare in English) |
| *ICH* | mnemonic for "insert constituent here"; trace of extraposition, scrambling,
or other movement type that does not fit neatly into the A/A' dichotomy |
| *T* | trace of A'-movement |
| * | trace of A-movement where required by guidelines;
also default empty category |
| 0 | empty operator (when immediately dominated by wh- phrase);
empty terminal node (when immediately dominated by POS label) |