Imperative |
Kashaya Grammar |
The imperative is a form of the verb used for giving orders or directions to someone. In English, this is always the same as the basic or "bare" shape of the verb (without a suffix), so that the infinitive I decided to walk home and the imperative walk faster! use the same verb form. In Kashaya, on the other hand, there are special suffixes that indicate either the singular or imperative form of the verb. The Kashaya imperative verb is usually at the end of the sentence, but see also below.
To give an order to one person, the suffix -i is added to the verb — or at least this is the way it is pronounced after most consonants.
After specific consonants, the vowel changes (in ways similar to the epenthetic vowel as well as other suffixes that start with /i/). After either /m/ or /q/, the imperative is pronounced as -a.
A special case is that when the /q/ is preceded by /o/, then the imperative suffix is also -o. This happens as well with a small number of stems where the preceding vowel is /a/, so the notation /q°/ can be used to mark this situation.
After /d/, the imperative is pronounced as -u. This is identical to the way the absolutive is pronounced for the same verbs.
After a stem ending in a vowel, the suffix is simply deleted (that is, it's not pronounced). In addition, if vowel at the end of the stem is long, then it shortens because it's now at the end of the word. In these examples, that final vowel is highlighted.
Note: more examples still have to be added for the other imperatives suffixes.